![]() Furthermore, such reactive Fe–S phases are of prime interest for the potential green catalytic conversion of atmospheric CO 2 16, 17, and for the development of sustainable, clean, and low-cost energy storage technologies 18, 19. Such Fe–S phases have been hypothesized as potential membrane catalysts for the formation of prebiotic molecules and life’s emergence on early Earth 14, 15, 16. However, so far, in anoxic systems, and in the low-temperature Fe–S system in particular, only aqueous Fe–S clusters 8, 9, and a conventionally assumed solid phase with a disordered and nanoparticulate mackinawite-like structure are known 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.ĭespite increasing evidence of the existence of multiple solid precursors in the Fe–S system 1, the nature, structure and stability of early formed solid Fe–S precursors with structures different to that of mackinawite have so far not been documented. Evidence for such highly reactive intermediate precursors, frequently structurally different from their bulk counterparts, is available for oxic systems for example, metastable amorphous phases precede the formation of crystalline CaCO 3 polymorphs 2, 3, while nanocrystalline phases are necessary precursors for gypsum formation in the CaSO 4 system 4, 5, and Fe-oxo Keggin precede the formation of ferrihydrite in the Fe–OH system 6, 7. ![]() The existence of solid precursors or intermediates prior to the formation of stable crystals is increasingly established, although many experimental and analytical challenges to characterize such entities remain 1.
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